Which of the following is NOT one of the approaches to teaching critical thinking identified by Swartz and Park?

The approach of encouraging memorization of factual information stands apart from the key methodologies for teaching critical thinking articulated by Swartz and Park. Critical thinking focuses on understanding, analyzing, and evaluating information rather than simply recalling facts. It emphasizes developing skills such as reasoning, problem-solving, and logical deduction.

The other approaches championed by Swartz and Park all relate to fostering an environment conducive to critical engagement with material. Directly teaching thinking processes structures learning around developing analytical skills, while infusing critical thinking into content instruction ensures that students apply these skills across various subjects. Additionally, utilizing methods that promote thinking about content learning allows for a deeper exploration of concepts, encouraging students to question and reflect, rather than just memorize information. This comprehensive engagement with content reinforces the goal of critical thinking: to enhance understanding and application of knowledge.